Lighting is very important when it comes to studio photography and can give photographs different looks and moods. I haven't got a lot of experience with studio lighting and studio photography so I am going to watch a youtube tutorial and explain what it contains.
In this tutorial he uses an octagonal soft box which due to its size and two layered diffuser gives a smooth soft light.
The first positioning of the soft box shown is one where the model is sat on the floor and the soft box is to her left but above her so the light is angled slightly downwards to allow the light to illuminate her. The higher angle to the side gives a more natural shadowed look to the model as it is similar to when the sun shines down and gives shadowing to one side of the face.
The second positioning is with the octagonal soft box behind the model and a smaller soft box in above and to the front of the face to illuminate the face. The octagonal soft box behind the model works as a hair light and as a perfectly white background. To achieve the best results you need to adjust the settings on both soft boxes so that the brightness settings are equal. This gives you a really nice close up portrait image but sometimes leaves a shadow under the chin which can be quite dark and distracting compared to the rest of the photo. This means that you will need to use a reflector to hold below the frame as seen in the screenshot. The reflector will reflect light from the soft box to the shadowed area and make the image seem brighter.
In front and to the model's left you will find a key light, this is the main light that will illuminate the face. The fill light is the light in front and to the model's right this light fills in the shadowy area and balances the key light. You can adjust the fill light to intensify shadows or flatten the image. The last light is called a hair light and it casts a light between the background and the model to achieve a more separated look by accenting the hair and outline of the model. The hair light is usually above the model pointing downwards like a spotlight but can also be used at the same height of the model but at an angle (usually the key light side) behind the subject to achieve backside rim lighting. This highlights the back/side of the model and gives a lot more depth to the photo.
http://aaroncourts8098.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/researching-photographic-techniques.html
http://www.fotobaron.com
http://austinhargrave.com
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